Herniated Disc

A herniated disc occurs when disc material extends beyond its normal space and compresses nearby nerves, often leading to back or neck pain as well as symptoms that radiate into the arms or legs. The severity of symptoms can vary, but nerve compression may result in persistent pain, numbness, or weakness.

Aqib Zehri, MD, is a fellowship-trained neurosurgeon in Portland, Oregon, specializing in complex and minimally invasive spine surgery. He evaluates and treats herniated discs using a comprehensive approach, including targeted decompression and advanced endoscopic techniques when appropriate.

What is a herniated disc?

A herniated disc occurs when the inner portion of a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in its outer layer. Discs act as cushions between the vertebrae, helping absorb shock and allow smooth movement of the spine.

When disc material extends beyond its normal space, it may compress or irritate nearby nerves, leading to pain and neurologic symptoms.

Herniated discs may occur due to:

• Sudden strain or injury

• Repetitive stress on the spine

• Age-related degeneration as discs lose flexibility and strength

What are the symptoms of a herniated disc?

Symptoms depend on the location of the disc and the nerves involved. Some patients may have a herniated disc without symptoms, while others experience significant nerve-related pain.

Common symptoms include:

• Back or neck pain

• Pain radiating into the arm or leg (radiculopathy)

• Tingling, burning, or electric-like sensations

• Muscle weakness in the affected limb

• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance

Because spinal nerves travel to different parts of the body, symptoms often follow the path of the affected nerve.

When should you see a neurosurgeon?

Evaluation is recommended when symptoms persist or begin to interfere with daily function.

You may benefit from consultation if you have:

• Pain that does not improve with conservative treatment

• Persistent or worsening nerve symptoms

• Weakness in the arm or leg

• Functional limitations affecting work or daily activities

Initial treatment often includes:

• Activity modification

• Anti-inflammatory medications

• Physical therapy

• Targeted injections when appropriate

If symptoms continue despite these measures, surgical treatment may be considered.

What procedures can treat a herniated disc?

Treatment is tailored to the severity of symptoms, imaging findings, and overall spinal alignment.

Common procedures include:

• Discectomy – removal of herniated disc material to relieve nerve pressure

• Endoscopic discectomy – minimally invasive approach using a small camera and specialized instruments

• Spinal decompression procedures – targeted removal of structures compressing nerves

In select cases, additional procedures such as disc replacement may be considered depending on the condition of the disc and surrounding structures.

Dr. Zehri specializes in minimally invasive and endoscopic spine surgery, selecting the least invasive approach that effectively treats the condition.

Take the next step

If you are experiencing symptoms of a herniated disc or have been told you may need surgery, a comprehensive evaluation can help determine the most appropriate treatment.

Call the office or request an appointment online to get started.