Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine develops an abnormal curvature, often progressing over time and leading to pain, imbalance, and functional limitations. While commonly diagnosed in adolescents, it is also frequently seen in adults due to degeneration or progression of a prior curve.

Aqib Zehri, MD, is a fellowship-trained neurosurgeon specializing in complex spine and spinal deformity, treating both routine and advanced scoliosis cases.

What is scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine develops an abnormal side-to-side curvature, often forming a “C” or “S” shape when viewed from behind. While many people associate scoliosis with adolescence, it is commonly seen in adults as well—either as progression of a preexisting curve or as a new condition that develops over time.

In adults, scoliosis most often occurs as degenerative scoliosis, caused by gradual wear of the spinal discs and joints. As these structures break down, the spine can shift out of alignment, leading to curvature, imbalance, and nerve compression.

Some adults also have idiopathic scoliosis, which begins earlier in life and progresses over time.

Left untreated, scoliosis can lead to worsening pain, postural imbalance, and limitations in daily function.

What are the symptoms of adult scoliosis?

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the curve and whether nerves are involved. Some patients experience mild discomfort, while others develop significant pain and functional limitations.

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent low or mid-back pain

• Progressive spinal stiffness

• Uneven shoulders, hips, or waistline

• Difficulty standing upright for extended periods

• Leg pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness (from nerve compression)

Symptoms often progress gradually, which is why many patients delay evaluation until the condition begins to significantly affect quality of life.

How is scoliosis diagnosed?

Evaluation begins with a detailed history and physical examination focused on posture, alignment, and neurologic function.

Imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis and surgical planning. This typically includes:

• Standing X-rays to measure spinal curvature and alignment

• MRI to evaluate nerve compression

• CT scans when detailed bony anatomy is needed

This comprehensive evaluation allows for precise assessment of deformity, instability, and nerve involvement—key factors in determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

What are the treatment options for adult scoliosis?

Treatment is highly individualized and depends on symptoms, curve progression, and overall spinal balance.

Non-surgical treatment may include:

• Physical therapy to improve strength and posture

• Medications for pain control

• Targeted injections for nerve-related symptoms

However, when scoliosis leads to significant pain, progressive deformity, or neurologic symptoms, surgical correction may be recommended.

Dr. Zehri specializes in the treatment of complex spinal deformity, including advanced and revision cases. Surgical options are carefully selected based on each patient’s condition and goals, and may include:

• Minimally invasive decompression when appropriate

• Robotic-assisted instrumentation for precision

• Deformity correction with restoration of spinal alignment

The goal is not simply to operate, but to choose the right operation for the right patient—balancing effectiveness, safety, and long-term outcomes.