Lumbar Fusion

Lumbar fusion is a surgical procedure used to stabilize the spine when back pain is caused by instability, deformity, or degenerative conditions affecting one or more vertebral levels. It is typically considered when symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatment or when there is structural compromise of the spine.

Aqib Zehri, MD, is a fellowship-trained neurosurgeon in Portland, Oregon, specializing in complex spine surgery. He performs lumbar fusion using a range of techniques—including minimally invasive and advanced approaches—selected based on each patient’s condition to optimize stability, alignment, and long-term outcomes.

What is a lumbar fusion?

Lumbar fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently connects two or more vertebrae in the lower spine. By fusing these bones, the procedure stabilizes the spine and reduces painful motion at the affected levels.

The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae separated by discs that provide cushioning and allow movement. When these structures become damaged or unstable, they can lead to:

• Persistent lower back pain

• Nerve compression

• Pain, numbness, or weakness radiating into the legs

Lumbar fusion may be considered when symptoms do not improve with conservative treatment or when there is structural instability.

Who might benefit from lumbar fusion?

Lumbar fusion may be recommended when a spinal condition causes instability or structural damage that does not respond to non-surgical treatment.

Conditions that may benefit include:

• Degenerative disc disease

• Spinal stenosis with instability

• Spondylolisthesis

• Spinal deformity such as scoliosis

• Spinal fractures

• Tumors affecting the spine

Surgery is typically considered after appropriate non-surgical treatments—such as physical therapy, medications, and injections—have been exhausted or when symptoms significantly impact function and quality of life.

What happens during a lumbar fusion?

The specific surgical approach depends on the patient’s anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment goals.

In general, the procedure involves:

• Placing bone graft material between the affected vertebrae

• Stabilizing the spine using instrumentation such as screws and rods

• Allowing the bones to heal together into a single, solid structure

This process restores stability and helps relieve symptoms caused by abnormal motion or nerve compression.

When appropriate, Dr. Zehri utilizes minimally invasive or advanced surgical techniques to reduce tissue disruption and support recovery.

How long is recovery after lumbar fusion?

Recovery varies based on the complexity of the procedure and individual patient factors.

Typical recovery expectations include:

• Light daily activities within 4–6 weeks

• Gradual increase in activity over several months

• Full bone healing over approximately 6–12 months

Physical therapy is an important part of recovery and helps restore:

• Strength

• Mobility

• Functional movement

Following postoperative guidelines closely is essential for achieving the best long-term outcome.

Take the next step

If you are considering lumbar fusion or have been told you may need surgery, a comprehensive evaluation can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Call the office or request an appointment online to get started.